Welcome to “Pardon me, but.”

by policyadvisor

Share with:


The time has come for Alaska to be able to participate intelligently in a forum focused on policy issues facing our state. Do you have something to offer? Do you have a constructive comment or suggestion with respect to some policy issue?

Speak up and speak out!

test zotpress and mathjax

by Marc Grober

Share with:


First cite , second cite , third cite , fourth cite 

And some Mathjax inline $$e=mc^2$$

and otherwise \(F=ma\)

________

{23010:MXT78H7B};{23010:AJXMKBTS};{23010:GP5WIXPF};{23010:X2BKJK8J} turabian-author-date default asc 1 1 0 177019

No notes setting:

{23010:MXT78H7B};{23010:AJXMKBTS};{23010:GP5WIXPF};{23010:X2BKJK8J} turabian-author-date creator asc 0 177019
{23010:MXT78H7B};{23010:AJXMKBTS};{23010:GP5WIXPF};{23010:X2BKJK8J} turabian-author-date default asc 1 0 177019
{23010:MXT78H7B};{23010:AJXMKBTS};{23010:GP5WIXPF};{23010:X2BKJK8J} chicago-fullnote-bibliography default asc 1 0 177019
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A4300%2C%22request_next%22%3A50%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%226TVDAXBS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26%23x201C%3BDon%26%23x2019%3Bt%20Cut%20Corners.%26%23x201D%3B%20NYC%5C%2FVisionZero%2C%20n.d.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nyc.gov%5C%2Fassets%5C%2Fvisionzero%5C%2Fdownloads%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2Fleft-turn-pedestrian-and-bicycle-crash-study.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nyc.gov%5C%2Fassets%5C%2Fvisionzero%5C%2Fdownloads%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2Fleft-turn-pedestrian-and-bicycle-crash-study.pdf%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Don%27t%20Cut%20Corners%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22NYC%5C%2FVisionZero%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nyc.gov%5C%2Fassets%5C%2Fvisionzero%5C%2Fdownloads%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2Fleft-turn-pedestrian-and-bicycle-crash-study.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-05T17%3A27%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MISKJ986%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26%23x201C%3BWalk%20This%20Way.%26%23x201D%3B%20NYC%20Vision%20Zero.%20Accessed%20October%205%2C%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nyc.gov%5C%2Fhtml%5C%2Fdot%5C%2Fdownloads%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2Fbarnes-dance-study-sept2017.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nyc.gov%5C%2Fhtml%5C%2Fdot%5C%2Fdownloads%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2Fbarnes-dance-study-sept2017.pdf%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Walk%20This%20Way%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22NYC%20Vision%20Zero%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nyc.gov%5C%2Fhtml%5C%2Fdot%5C%2Fdownloads%5C%2Fpdf%5C%2Fbarnes-dance-study-sept2017.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-05T17%3A27%3A35Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BCBRVGBS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kolker%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-11-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BKolker%2C%20Robert.%20%26%23x201C%3BDeath%20by%20Car.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNew%20York%20Magazine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20November%2024%2C%202012.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnymag.com%5C%2Fnews%5C%2Ffeatures%5C%2Ftraffic-2012-12%5C%2Findex1.html%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnymag.com%5C%2Fnews%5C%2Ffeatures%5C%2Ftraffic-2012-12%5C%2Findex1.html%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22magazineArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Death%20by%20Car%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Robert%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kolker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22november%2024%2C%202012%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnymag.com%5C%2Fnews%5C%2Ffeatures%5C%2Ftraffic-2012-12%5C%2Findex1.html%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-05T17%3A16%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225UDSYWBC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BHighway%20History.%20%26%23x201C%3BAddendum%3A%20The%20Barnes%20Dance.%26%23x201D%3B%20Accessed%20October%205%2C%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.fhwa.dot.gov%5C%2Finfrastructure%5C%2Fbarnes.cfm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.fhwa.dot.gov%5C%2Finfrastructure%5C%2Fbarnes.cfm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Addendum%3A%20The%20Barnes%20Dance%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.fhwa.dot.gov%5C%2Finfrastructure%5C%2Fbarnes.cfm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-05T17%3A15%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2266HBQ2P7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sadik-Khan%20and%20Solomonow%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-03-07%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSadik-Khan%2C%20Janette%2C%20and%20Seth%20Solomonow.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BStreetfight%3A%20Handbook%20for%20an%20Urban%20Revolution%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Penguin%2C%202017.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Streetfight%3A%20Handbook%20for%20an%20Urban%20Revolution%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Janette%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sadik-Khan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Seth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Solomonow%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Like%20a%20modern-day%20Jane%20Jacobs%2C%20Janette%20Sadik-Khan%20transformed%20New%20York%20City%26%23039%3Bs%20streets%20to%20make%20room%20for%20pedestrians%2C%20cyclists%2C%20buses%2C%20and%20green%20spaces.%20Describing%20the%20battles%20she%20fought%20to%20enact%20change%2C%20Streetfight%20imparts%20wisdom%20and%20practical%20advice%20that%20other%20cities%20can%20follow%20to%20make%20their%20own%20streets%20safer%20and%20more%20vibrant.%20As%20New%20York%20City%5Cu2019s%20transportation%20commissioner%2C%20Janette%20Sadik-Khan%20managed%20the%20seemingly%20impossible%20and%20transformed%20the%20streets%20of%20one%20of%20the%20world%5Cu2019s%20greatest%2C%20toughest%20cities%20into%20dynamic%20spaces%20safe%20for%20pedestrians%20and%20cyclists.%20Her%20approach%20was%20dramatic%20and%20effective%3A%20Simply%20painting%20a%20part%20of%20the%20street%20to%20make%20it%20into%20a%20plaza%20or%20bus%20lane%20not%20only%20made%20the%20street%20safer%2C%20but%20it%20also%20lessened%20congestion%20and%20increased%20foot%20traffic%2C%20which%20improved%20the%20bottom%20line%20of%20businesses.%20Real-life%20experience%20confirmed%20that%20if%20you%20know%20how%20to%20read%20the%20street%2C%20you%20can%20make%20it%20function%20better%20by%20not%20totally%20reconstructing%20it%20but%20by%20reallocating%20the%20space%20that%5Cu2019s%20already%20there.%20%5Cu00a0%20%5Cu00a0%20%5Cu00a0Breaking%20the%20street%20into%20its%20component%20parts%2C%20Streetfight%20demonstrates%2C%20with%20step-by-step%20visuals%2C%20how%20to%20rewrite%20the%20underlying%20%5Cu201csource%20code%5Cu201d%20of%20a%20street%2C%20with%20pointers%20on%20how%20to%20add%20protected%20bike%20paths%2C%20improve%20crosswalk%20space%2C%20and%20provide%20visual%20cues%20to%20reduce%20speeding.%20Achieving%20such%20a%20radical%20overhaul%20wasn%5Cu2019t%20easy%2C%20and%20Streetfight%20pulls%20back%20the%20curtain%20on%20the%20battles%20Sadik-Khan%20won%20to%20make%20her%20approach%20work.%20She%20includes%20examples%20of%20how%20this%20new%20way%20to%20read%20the%20streets%20has%20already%20made%20its%20way%20around%20the%20world%2C%20from%20pocket%20parks%20in%20Mexico%20City%20and%20Los%20Angeles%20to%20more%20pedestrian-friendly%20streets%20in%20Auckland%20and%20Buenos%20Aires%2C%20and%20innovative%20bike-lane%20designs%20and%20plazas%20in%20Austin%2C%20Indianapolis%2C%20and%20San%20Francisco.%20Many%20are%20inspired%20by%20the%20changes%20taking%20place%20in%20New%20York%20City%20and%20are%20based%20on%20the%20same%20techniques.%20Streetfight%20deconstructs%2C%20reassembles%2C%20and%20reinvents%20the%20street%2C%20inviting%20readers%20to%20see%20it%20in%20ways%20they%20never%20imagined.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-03-07%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-14-312897-7%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-05T17%3A09%3A40Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22LT8WUCEJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Barnes%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221965%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBarnes%2C%20H.%20A.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Man%20with%20the%20Red%20and%20Green%20Eyes%3A%20The%20Autobiography%20of%20Henry%20A.%20Barnes%2C%20Traffic%20Commissioner%2C%20New%20York%20City%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Dutton%2C%201965.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.com%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgK81AQAAIAAJ%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.com%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgK81AQAAIAAJ%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Man%20with%20the%20Red%20and%20Green%20Eyes%3A%20The%20Autobiography%20of%20Henry%20A.%20Barnes%2C%20Traffic%20Commissioner%2C%20New%20York%20City%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Barnes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221965%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.com%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgK81AQAAIAAJ%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-05T16%3A55%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229PAIHGFY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Accelerator%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAccelerator%2C%20Academic.%20%26%23x201C%3BPedestrian%20Scramble%3A%20Most%20Up-to-Date%20Encyclopedia%2C%20News%20%26amp%3B%20Reviews.%26%23x201D%3B%20Academic%20Accelerator.%20Accessed%20October%205%2C%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic-accelerator.com%5C%2Fencyclopedia%5C%2Fpedestrian-scramble%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic-accelerator.com%5C%2Fencyclopedia%5C%2Fpedestrian-scramble%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Pedestrian%20Scramble%3A%20Most%20Up-to-Date%20Encyclopedia%2C%20News%20%26%20Reviews%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Academic%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Accelerator%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Get%20the%20latest%20Pedestrian%20Scramble%20research%20reviews%2C%20science%20news%20%26amp%3B%20scholar%20articles.%20View%20the%20most%20complete%20encyclopedia%20by%20Academic%20Accelerator.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facademic-accelerator.com%5C%2Fencyclopedia%5C%2Fpedestrian-scramble%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-05T16%3A49%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AH2AXGJZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-12-18%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BJaffe%2C%20Eric.%20%26%23x201C%3BA%20Brief%20History%20of%20the%20Barnes%20Dance.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBloomberg.Com%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20December%2018%2C%202012%2C%20sec.%20CityLab.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%5C%2Fnews%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F2012-12-18%5C%2Fa-brief-history-of-the-barnes-dance%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%5C%2Fnews%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F2012-12-18%5C%2Fa-brief-history-of-the-barnes-dance%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22newspaperArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Brief%20History%20of%20the%20Barnes%20Dance%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaffe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Cities%20have%20largely%20given%20up%20on%20pedestrian%20scrambles%20%5Cu2014%20but%20some%20are%20bringing%20them%20back.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012-12-18%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22CityLab%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%5C%2Fnews%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F2012-12-18%5C%2Fa-brief-history-of-the-barnes-dance%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-05T16%3A43%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22FN27QQ2D%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Glionna%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011-05-23%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGlionna%2C%20John.%20%26%23x201C%3BJapan%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Orderly%20Shibuya%20Scramble.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BLA%20Times%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20May%2023%2C%202011.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.latimes.com%5C%2Fworld%5C%2Fla-xpm-2011-may-23-la-fg-japan-intersection-20110523-story.html%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.latimes.com%5C%2Fworld%5C%2Fla-xpm-2011-may-23-la-fg-japan-intersection-20110523-story.html%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22newspaperArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Japan%27s%20orderly%20Shibuya%20Scramble%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Glionna%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Japan%26%23039%3Bs%20orderly%20Shibuya%20Scramble%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011-05-23T07%3A00%3A00%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.latimes.com%5C%2Fworld%5C%2Fla-xpm-2011-may-23-la-fg-japan-intersection-20110523-story.html%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-05T16%3A41%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22BINI833G%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22%5Cu5b89%5Cu5b87%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-01-25%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26%23x5B89%3B%26%23x5B87%3B%20Mr%20Shiny%20and%20New.%20%26%23x201C%3BAnswer%20to%20%26%23x2018%3BIs%20%26%23x201C%3BMost%26%23x201D%3B%20Equivalent%20to%20%26%23x201C%3Ba%20Majority%20of%26%23x201D%3B%3F%26%23x2019%3B%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BEnglish%20Language%20%26amp%3B%20Usage%20Stack%20Exchange%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20January%2025%2C%202012.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fenglish.stackexchange.com%5C%2Fa%5C%2F55923%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fenglish.stackexchange.com%5C%2Fa%5C%2F55923%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22forumPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Answer%20to%20%5C%22Is%20%5C%22most%5C%22%20equivalent%20to%20%5C%22a%20majority%20of%5C%22%3F%5C%22%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mr%20Shiny%20and%20New%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22%5Cu5b89%5Cu5b87%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22forumTitle%22%3A%22English%20Language%20%26%20Usage%20Stack%20Exchange%22%2C%22postType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012-01-25%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fenglish.stackexchange.com%5C%2Fa%5C%2F55923%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-05T15%3A35%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2273LLJ7BZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-06-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26%23x201C%3BReturn%20of%20the%20Barnes%20Dance%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20June%205%2C%202017.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fssti.us%5C%2F2017%5C%2F06%5C%2F05%5C%2Freturn-of-the-barnes-dance%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fssti.us%5C%2F2017%5C%2F06%5C%2F05%5C%2Freturn-of-the-barnes-dance%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Return%20of%20the%20Barnes%20Dance%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Cities%20across%20the%20U.S.%20are%20once%20again%20installing%20a%20formerly-common%20intersection%20treatment%3A%20the%20%5Cu201cBarnes%20Dance%5Cu201d%20or%20pedestrian%20scramble%2C%20which%20allows%20pedestrian%20movements%20in%20all%20directions%20simultaneously%2C%20including%20diagonally.%20A%20new%20installation%20in%20Washington%2C%20D.C.%2C%20demonstrates%20both%20the%20advantages%20and%20limitations%20of%20this%20solution%20to%20facilitate%20pedestrian%20movement%20in%20dense%20urban%20areas.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22June%205%2C%202017%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fssti.us%5C%2F2017%5C%2F06%5C%2F05%5C%2Freturn-of-the-barnes-dance%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-04T01%3A19%3A49Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QD76Q687%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-08-21%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26%23x201C%3BThe%20%26%23x2018%3BBarnes%20Dance%26%23x2019%3B%20Makes%20Its%20New%20Zealand%20Debut%20at%20an%20Intersection%20in%20Auckland%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20August%2021%2C%202020.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftransportationhistory.org%5C%2F2020%5C%2F08%5C%2F21%5C%2Fthe-barnes-dance-makes-its-new-zealand-debut-at-an-intersection-in-auckland%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftransportationhistory.org%5C%2F2020%5C%2F08%5C%2F21%5C%2Fthe-barnes-dance-makes-its-new-zealand-debut-at-an-intersection-in-auckland%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20%5Cu201cBarnes%20Dance%5Cu201d%20Makes%20Its%20New%20Zealand%20Debut%20at%20an%20Intersection%20in%20Auckland%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22August%2021%2C%201958%20In%20New%20Zealand%2C%20Auckland%20became%20the%20first%20city%20of%20that%20Pacific%20island%20country%20to%20adopt%20a%20street-crossing%20system%20for%20pedestrians%20that%20had%20originated%20several%20years%20earlier%20in%20North%20Am%5Cu2026%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-08-21T14%3A00%3A42%2B00%3A00%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Ftransportationhistory.org%5C%2F2020%5C%2F08%5C%2F21%5C%2Fthe-barnes-dance-makes-its-new-zealand-debut-at-an-intersection-in-auckland%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-04T01%3A18%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z267HGME%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Grober%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-10-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGrober%2C%20Marc.%20%26%23x201C%3BE-Bike%20Baloney.%26%23x201D%3B%20The%20Alaska%20Landmine%2C%20October%202%2C%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Falaskalandmine.com%5C%2Flandmines%5C%2Fe-bike-baloney%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Falaskalandmine.com%5C%2Flandmines%5C%2Fe-bike-baloney%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22E-bike%20baloney%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marc%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grober%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22There%20has%20been%20a%20constant%20commercial%20push%20in%20Alaska%20and%20elsewhere%20to%20populate%20our%20byways%20with%20%5Cu201celectric%20bicycles%2C%5Cu201d%20or%20%5Cu201ce-bikes%5Cu201d%20as%20they%20have%20been%20affectionately%20dubbed.%20Everyone%20is%20heard%20to%20love%20e-bikes%2C%20which%20are%20a%20blessing%20for%20the%20disabled%20and%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-10-02T19%3A39%3A15-08%3A00%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Falaskalandmine.com%5C%2Flandmines%5C%2Fe-bike-baloney%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-03T17%3A09%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22R72V7MQH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Boufous%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBoufous%2C%20Soufiane.%20%26%23x201C%3BPerspective%20on%20Road%20Safety.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20the%20Australasian%20College%20of%20Road%20Safety%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2028%2C%20no.%204%20%282017%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facrs.org.au%5C%2Ffiles%5C%2Fpapers%5C%2Farsc%5C%2F2017%5C%2FIt-is-time-to-consider-a-presumed-liability-law.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facrs.org.au%5C%2Ffiles%5C%2Fpapers%5C%2Farsc%5C%2F2017%5C%2FIt-is-time-to-consider-a-presumed-liability-law.pdf%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Perspective%20on%20Road%20Safety%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Soufiane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boufous%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Facrs.org.au%5C%2Ffiles%5C%2Fpapers%5C%2Farsc%5C%2F2017%5C%2FIt-is-time-to-consider-a-presumed-liability-law.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-27T20%3A17%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EMCLB3G7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Economist%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20American%20Right-of-Way.%26%23x201D%3B%20Accessed%20September%2027%2C%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.economist.com%5C%2Fdemocracy-in-america%5C%2F2013%5C%2F11%5C%2F11%5C%2Fthe-american-right-of-way%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.economist.com%5C%2Fdemocracy-in-america%5C%2F2013%5C%2F11%5C%2F11%5C%2Fthe-american-right-of-way%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22magazineArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20American%20right-of-way%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220013-0613%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.economist.com%5C%2Fdemocracy-in-america%5C%2F2013%5C%2F11%5C%2F11%5C%2Fthe-american-right-of-way%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-27T20%3A03%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S89BWFIR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Slimmen%20and%20Van%20Boom%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-04-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSlimmen%2C%20Michelle%2C%20and%20Willem%20H.%20Van%20Boom.%20%26%23x201C%3BRoad%20Traffic%20Liability%20in%20the%20Netherlands.%26%23x201D%3B%20SSRN%20Scholarly%20Paper.%20Rochester%2C%20NY%2C%20April%201%2C%202017.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2139%5C%2Fssrn.2975796%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2139%5C%2Fssrn.2975796%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22preprint%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Road%20Traffic%20Liability%20in%20the%20Netherlands%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michelle%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Slimmen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Willem%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Van%20Boom%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20country%20report%20gives%20an%20overview%20of%20the%20Dutch%20legal%20regime%20concerning%20road%20traffic%20accidents.%22%2C%22genre%22%3A%22SSRN%20Scholarly%20Paper%22%2C%22repository%22%3A%22%22%2C%22archiveID%22%3A%222975796%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-04-01%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2139%5C%2Fssrn.2975796%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%5C%2Fabstract%3D2975796%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-27T20%3A02%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2262PP7U22%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%221973%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Automobile%20Manufacturer%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Liability%20to%20Pedestrians%20for%20Exterior%20Design%3A%20New%20Dimensions%20in%20%26%23x2018%3BCrashworthiness.%26%23x2019%3B%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BMichigan%20Law%20Review%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2071%2C%20no.%208%20%281973%29%3A%201654.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2307%5C%2F1287675%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2307%5C%2F1287675%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Automobile%20Manufacturer%27s%20Liability%20to%20Pedestrians%20for%20Exterior%20Design%3A%20New%20Dimensions%20in%20%5C%22Crashworthiness%5C%22%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2208%5C%2F1973%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2307%5C%2F1287675%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2200262234%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F1287675%3Forigin%3Dcrossref%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-27T19%3A55%3A58Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QEU4XGPC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Maker%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-04-24%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMaker%2C%20Colleen.%20%26%23x201C%3BStrict%20Liability%20in%20Cycling%20Laws%20to%20Ready%20the%20Roads%20for%20Environmentally%20Friendly%20Commuting.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBoston%20College%20Environmental%20Affairs%20Law%20Review%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2042%2C%20no.%202%20%28April%2024%2C%202015%29%3A%20473.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flira.bc.edu%5C%2Fwork%5C%2Fns%5C%2F0136b5fd-dd66-4ff1-a6b1-2c7d92661cba%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flira.bc.edu%5C%2Fwork%5C%2Fns%5C%2F0136b5fd-dd66-4ff1-a6b1-2c7d92661cba%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Strict%20Liability%20in%20Cycling%20Laws%20to%20Ready%20the%20Roads%20for%20Environmentally%20Friendly%20Commuting%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Colleen%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Maker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Because%20automobiles%20cause%20harmful%20effects%20on%20the%20environment%2C%20the%20United%20States%20should%20encourage%20bicycling%20as%20an%20alternative%20means%20of%20transportation%20to%20automobiles.%20Many%20Americans%20elect%20not%20to%20cycle%20as%20a%20means%20of%20transportation%20out%20of%20fear%20of%20a%20collision%20with%20an%20automobile.%20Such%20collisions%20can%20be%20devastating%20physically%20and%20financially%2C%20and%20yet%2C%20after%20a%20bicycle-automobile%20collision%2C%20cyclists%20often%20bear%20the%20burden%20of%20proving%20negligence%20in%20a%20suit%20against%20the%20driver%2C%20and%20are%20often%20left%20without%20a%20remedy%20for%20their%20injuries.%20Other%20countries%2C%20such%20as%20the%20Netherlands%2C%20use%20a%20form%20of%20strict%20liability%20in%20lawsuits%20concerning%20bicycle-automobile%20collisions%2C%20which%20shifts%20the%20cost%20of%20such%20accidents%20to%20automobile%20drivers.%20U.S.%20courts%20should%20apply%20strict%20liability%5Cu2014as%20currently%20used%20in%20U.S.%20tort%20law%5Cu2014to%20collisions%20between%20cyclists%20and%20automobiles.%20Shifting%20the%20cost%20of%20bicycle-automobile%20accidents%20to%20automobile%20drivers%20will%20even%20out%20the%20consequences%20between%20cyclists%20and%20drivers%2C%20encouraging%20drivers%20to%20drive%20more%20safely%2C%20creating%20safer%20roads%2C%20and%20encouraging%20cycling%5Cu2014an%20environmentally%20friendly%20method%20of%20transportation%5Cu2014in%20place%20of%20driving%20a%20carbon%20emitting%20automobile.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015-4-24%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flira.bc.edu%5C%2Fwork%5C%2Fns%5C%2F0136b5fd-dd66-4ff1-a6b1-2c7d92661cba%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-27T19%3A49%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2273GXZQLX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Burke%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBurke%2C%20Marshall%2C%20Mustafa%20Zahid%2C%20Noah%20Diffenbaugh%2C%20and%20Solomon%20M.%20Hsiang.%20%26%23x201C%3BQuantifying%20Climate%20Change%20Loss%20and%20Damage%20Consistent%20with%20a%20Social%20Cost%20of%20Greenhouse%20Gases.%26%23x201D%3B%20Working%20Paper%20Series%2C%20September%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3386%5C%2Fw31658%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3386%5C%2Fw31658%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22preprint%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Quantifying%20Climate%20Change%20Loss%20and%20Damage%20Consistent%20with%20a%20Social%20Cost%20of%20Greenhouse%20Gases%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marshall%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Burke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mustafa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Zahid%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Noah%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Diffenbaugh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Solomon%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hsiang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Climate%20change%20is%20generating%20demonstrable%20harm%20around%20the%20world.%20Political%20and%20legal%20efforts%20have%20sought%20to%20associate%20climate%20impacts%20with%20specific%20emissions%2C%20including%20in%20recent%20international%20policy%20discussion%20of%20Loss%20and%20Damage%20%28L%26amp%3BD%29.%20However%2C%20no%20quantitative%20definition%20of%20L%26amp%3BD%20exists%2C%20nor%20does%20there%20exist%20a%20framework%20for%20linking%20specific%20emissions%20to%20specific%20damages.%20Here%20we%20develop%20such%20a%20framework%2C%20linking%20it%20explicitly%20to%20recent%20efforts%20to%20calculate%20the%20social%20cost%20of%20carbon%20dioxide%20%28SC-CO2%29%2C%20and%20demonstrate%20its%20use%20in%20a%20variety%20of%20applications.%20We%20calculate%20that%20future%20damages%20from%20past%20emissions%2C%20one%20component%20of%20L%26amp%3BD%2C%20are%20at%20least%20an%20order%20of%20magnitude%20larger%20than%20historical%20damages%20from%20the%20same%20emissions%2C%20a%20more%20commonly%20discussed%20component%20of%20L%26amp%3BD%3A%201%20ton%20of%20CO2%20emitted%20in%201990%20causes%204%20in%20global%20cumulative%20discounted%20damages%20by%202020%20and%20an%20additional%20327%20in%20discounted%20damages%20through%202100%20%282%25%20discount%20rate%29.%20These%20estimates%20of%20past%20and%20future%20damages%20from%20marginal%20emissions%20can%20be%20used%20to%20calculate%20L%26amp%3BD%20for%20a%20range%20of%20specific%20emitting%20activities%3A%20for%20instance%2C%20an%20individual%20taking%20one%20long-haul%20flight%20every%20year%20for%20the%20past%20decade%20will%20generate%205500%20in%20damages%20through%202100%2C%20the%20emissions%20associated%20with%20multiple%20oil%20majors%20between%201988-2015%20have%20already%20caused%2050-200B%20of%20cumulative%20global%20economic%20damage%20by%202020%2C%20and%20CO2%20emissions%20in%20the%20US%20since%201990%20have%20caused%202T%20in%20global%20damage%20through%202020%2C%20with%20India%20%28293B%29%20and%20Brazil%20%28%24167B%29%20being%20harmed%20the%20most.%20Carbon%20removal%20offers%20an%20alternative%20to%20transfer%20payments%20for%20settling%20L%26amp%3BD%2C%20but%20we%20show%20that%20it%20becomes%20increasingly%20ineffective%20in%20limiting%20damages%20as%20the%20delay%20between%20emission%20and%20recapture%20increases.%22%2C%22genre%22%3A%22%22%2C%22repository%22%3A%22%22%2C%22archiveID%22%3A%2231658%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-09%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3386%5C%2Fw31658%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nber.org%5C%2Fpapers%5C%2Fw31658%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-25T01%3A17%3A11Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P6XJTI77%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tribe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-08-19%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BTribe%2C%20J.%20Michael%20Luttig%2C%20Laurence%20H.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Constitution%20Prohibits%20Trump%20From%20Ever%20Being%20President%20Again.%26%23x201D%3B%20The%20Atlantic%2C%20August%2019%2C%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%5C%2Fideas%5C%2Farchive%5C%2F2023%5C%2F08%5C%2Fdonald-trump-constitutionally-prohibited-presidency%5C%2F675048%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%5C%2Fideas%5C%2Farchive%5C%2F2023%5C%2F08%5C%2Fdonald-trump-constitutionally-prohibited-presidency%5C%2F675048%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Constitution%20Prohibits%20Trump%20From%20Ever%20Being%20President%20Again%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20Michael%20Luttig%2C%20Laurence%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tribe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20only%20question%20is%20whether%20American%20citizens%20today%20can%20uphold%20that%20commitment.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-08-19T11%3A30%3A00Z%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%5C%2Fideas%5C%2Farchive%5C%2F2023%5C%2F08%5C%2Fdonald-trump-constitutionally-prohibited-presidency%5C%2F675048%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-24T03%3A04%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RSP5M923%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Baude%20and%20Paulsen%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-08-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBaude%2C%20William%2C%20and%20Michael%20Stokes%20Paulsen.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Sweep%20and%20Force%20of%20Section%20Three.%26%23x201D%3B%20SSRN%20Scholarly%20Paper.%20Rochester%2C%20NY%2C%20August%209%2C%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%5C%2Fabstract%3D4532751%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%5C%2Fabstract%3D4532751%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22preprint%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Sweep%20and%20Force%20of%20Section%20Three%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baude%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20Stokes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paulsen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Section%20Three%20of%20the%20Fourteenth%20Amendment%20forbids%20holding%20office%20by%20former%20office%20holders%20who%20then%20participate%20in%20insurrection%20or%20rebellion.%20Because%20of%20a%20range%20of%20misperceptions%20and%20mistaken%20assumptions%2C%20Section%20Three%5Cu2019s%20full%20legal%20consequences%20have%20not%20been%20appreciated%20or%20enforced.%20This%20article%20corrects%20those%20mistakes%20by%20setting%20forth%20the%20full%20sweep%20and%20force%20of%20Section%20Three.First%2C%20Section%20Three%20remains%20an%20enforceable%20part%20of%20the%20Constitution%2C%20not%20limited%20to%20the%20Civil%20War%2C%20and%20not%20effectively%20repealed%20by%20nineteenth%20century%20amnesty%20legislation.%20Second%2C%20Section%20Three%20is%20self-executing%2C%20operating%20as%20an%20immediate%20disqualification%20from%20office%2C%20without%20the%20need%20for%20additional%20action%20by%20Congress.%20It%20can%20and%20should%20be%20enforced%20by%20every%20official%2C%20state%20or%20federal%2C%20who%20judges%20qualifications.%20Third%2C%20to%20the%20extent%20of%20any%20conflict%20with%20prior%20constitutional%20rules%2C%20Section%20Three%20repeals%2C%20supersedes%2C%20or%20simply%20satisfies%20them.%20This%20includes%20the%20rules%20against%20bills%20of%20attainder%20or%20ex%20post%20facto%20laws%2C%20the%20Due%20Process%20Clause%2C%20and%20even%20the%20free%20speech%20principles%20of%20the%20First%20Amendment.%20Fourth%2C%20Section%20Three%20covers%20a%20broad%20range%20of%20conduct%20against%20the%20authority%20of%20the%20constitutional%20order%2C%20including%20many%20instances%20of%20indirect%20participation%20or%20support%20as%20%5Cu201caid%20or%20comfort.%5Cu201d%20It%20covers%20a%20broad%20range%20of%20former%20offices%2C%20including%20the%20Presidency.%20And%20in%20particular%2C%20it%20disqualifies%20former%20President%20Donald%20Trump%2C%20and%20potentially%20many%20others%2C%20because%20of%20their%20participation%20in%20the%20attempted%20overthrow%20of%20the%202020%20presidential%20election.%22%2C%22genre%22%3A%22SSRN%20Scholarly%20Paper%22%2C%22repository%22%3A%22%22%2C%22archiveID%22%3A%224532751%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-08-09%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%5C%2Fabstract%3D4532751%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-24T03%3A03%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DAJGK4KT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26%23x201C%3BLabor%20Unions%20and%20the%20Middle%20Class.%26%23x201D%3B%20US%20Department%20of%20Treasury%2C%20August%202023.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Labor%20Unions%20and%20the%20Middle%20Class%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22August%202023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-24T02%3A57%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22C9TWM9PA%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bundgaard%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-03-16%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBundgaard%2C%20Henning%2C%20Johan%20Skov%20Bundgaard%2C%20Daniel%20Emil%20Tadeusz%20Raaschou-Pedersen%2C%20Christian%20von%20Buchwald%2C%20Tobias%20Todsen%2C%20Jakob%20Boesgaard%20Norsk%2C%20Mia%20M.%20Pries-Heje%2C%20et%20al.%20%26%23x201C%3BEffectiveness%20of%20Adding%20a%20Mask%20Recommendation%20to%20Other%20Public%20Health%20Measures%20to%20Prevent%20SARS-CoV-2%20Infection%20in%20Danish%20Mask%20Wearers.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAnnals%20of%20Internal%20Medicine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20174%2C%20no.%203%20%28March%2016%2C%202021%29%3A%20335%26%23x2013%3B43.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7326%5C%2FM20-6817%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7326%5C%2FM20-6817%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Effectiveness%20of%20Adding%20a%20Mask%20Recommendation%20to%20Other%20Public%20Health%20Measures%20to%20Prevent%20SARS-CoV-2%20Infection%20in%20Danish%20Mask%20Wearers%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henning%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bundgaard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Johan%20Skov%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bundgaard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20Emil%20Tadeusz%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Raaschou-Pedersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22von%20Buchwald%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tobias%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Todsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jakob%20Boesgaard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Norsk%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mia%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Pries-Heje%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christoffer%20Rasmus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vissing%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pernille%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nielsen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ulrik%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Winsl%5Cu00f8w%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kamille%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fogh%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rasmus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hasselbalch%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jonas%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kristensen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Anna%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ringgaard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mikkel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Porsborg%20Andersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicole%20Bakkeg%5Cu00e5rd%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goecke%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ramona%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Trebbien%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kerstin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Skovgaard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Thomas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Benfield%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Henrik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ullum%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Torp-Pedersen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kasper%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Iversen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-03-16%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7326%5C%2FM20-6817%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220003-4819%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.acpjournals.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.7326%5C%2FM20-6817%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-05T18%3A17%3A32Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ACESBBNX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chou%20and%20Dana%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-06-20%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BChou%2C%20Roger%2C%20and%20Tracy%20Dana.%20%26%23x201C%3BMajor%20Update%3A%20Masks%20for%20Prevention%20of%20SARS-CoV-2%20in%20Health%20Care%20and%20Community%20Settings%26%23x2014%3BFinal%20Update%20of%20a%20Living%2C%20Rapid%20Review.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAnnals%20of%20Internal%20Medicine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20176%2C%20no.%206%20%28June%2020%2C%202023%29%3A%20827%26%23x2013%3B35.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7326%5C%2FM23-0570%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7326%5C%2FM23-0570%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Major%20Update%3A%20Masks%20for%20Prevention%20of%20SARS-CoV-2%20in%20Health%20Care%20and%20Community%20Settings%5Cu2014Final%20Update%20of%20a%20Living%2C%20Rapid%20Review%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roger%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tracy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dana%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-06-20%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7326%5C%2FM23-0570%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220003-4819%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.acpjournals.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Ffull%5C%2F10.7326%5C%2FM23-0570%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-05T18%3A10%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XYPRIXAU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Laine%20and%20Chang%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-06-20%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLaine%2C%20Christine%2C%20and%20Stephanie%20Chang.%20%26%23x201C%3BGetting%20to%20the%20Truth%20About%20the%20Effectiveness%20of%20Masks%20in%20Preventing%20COVID-19.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAnnals%20of%20Internal%20Medicine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20176%2C%20no.%206%20%28June%2020%2C%202023%29%3A%20870%26%23x2013%3B71.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7326%5C%2FM23-1120%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.7326%5C%2FM23-1120%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Getting%20to%20the%20Truth%20About%20the%20Effectiveness%20of%20Masks%20in%20Preventing%20COVID-19%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Laine%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-06-20%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.7326%5C%2FM23-1120%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220003-4819%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.acpjournals.org%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.7326%5C%2FM23-1120%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-09-05T18%3A01%3A17Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224MYMNQF7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Magusin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017-10-19%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMagusin%2C%20Heather.%20%26%23x201C%3BIf%20You%20Want%20to%20Get%20Away%20with%20Murder%2C%20Use%20Your%20Car%3A%20A%20Discursive%20Content%20Analysis%20of%20Pedestrian%20Traffic%20Fatalities%20in%20News%20Headlines.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BEarth%20Common%20Journal%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%207%2C%20no.%201%20%28October%2019%2C%202017%29%3A%2065%26%23x2013%3B97.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.31542%5C%2Fj.ecj.1229%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.31542%5C%2Fj.ecj.1229%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22If%20You%20Want%20to%20Get%20Away%20with%20Murder%2C%20Use%20Your%20Car%3A%20A%20Discursive%20Content%20Analysis%20of%20Pedestrian%20Traffic%20Fatalities%20in%20News%20Headlines%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heather%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Magusin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20persistently%20high%20rate%20of%20pedestrian%20and%20cyclist%20road%20deaths%20in%20Canada%20is%20a%20major%20public%20health%20concern%20and%20a%20serious%20impediment%20to%20encouraging%20active%20transport.%20Despite%20empirical%20evidence%20that%20cyclist-%20and%20pedestrian-targeted%20policies%20like%20helmet%20laws%20and%20jaywalking%20tickets%20do%20not%20decrease%20fatalities%2C%20popular%20discourse%20continues%20to%20put%20the%20onus%20on%20vulnerable%20road%20users%2C%20often%20blaming%20them%20for%20their%20deaths.%26nbsp%3B%20The%20negative%20effect%20of%20victim-blaming%20on%20vulnerable%20communities%20has%20been%20well%20established%20in%20the%20critical%20and%20feminist%20traditions%2C%20while%20recent%20studies%20have%20begun%20to%20examine%20the%20effects%20of%20negative%20discourse%20on%20cycling%20uptake%20and%20safety.%20To%20examine%20how%20public%20discourse%20reflects%20and%20affects%20the%20perception%20of%20blame%20in%20vulnerable%20road%20user%20deaths%2C%20this%20paper%20critically%20analyses%20news%20articles%20of%20pedestrian%20and%20cyclist%20fatalities%20in%20Edmonton%20in%202016.%20%5Bresults%20and%20analysis%5D%20Policy%20implications%20and%20avenues%20for%20future%20research%20are%20also%20discussed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017-10-19%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.31542%5C%2Fj.ecj.1229%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221929-8706%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.macewan.ca%5C%2Fearthcommon%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F1229%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-27T03%3A02%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CMXPYYF7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Tribe%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-08-19%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BTribe%2C%20J.%20Michael%20Luttig%2C%20Laurence%20H.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Constitution%20Prohibits%20Trump%20From%20Ever%20Being%20President%20Again%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20August%2019%2C%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%5C%2Fideas%5C%2Farchive%5C%2F2023%5C%2F08%5C%2Fdonald-trump-constitutionally-prohibited-presidency%5C%2F675048%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%5C%2Fideas%5C%2Farchive%5C%2F2023%5C%2F08%5C%2Fdonald-trump-constitutionally-prohibited-presidency%5C%2F675048%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Constitution%20Prohibits%20Trump%20From%20Ever%20Being%20President%20Again%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%20Michael%20Luttig%2C%20Laurence%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tribe%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20only%20question%20is%20whether%20American%20citizens%20today%20can%20uphold%20that%20commitment.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-08-19T11%3A30%3A00Z%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%5C%2Fideas%5C%2Farchive%5C%2F2023%5C%2F08%5C%2Fdonald-trump-constitutionally-prohibited-presidency%5C%2F675048%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-21T20%3A14%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QSDYUFVH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Baude%20and%20Paulsen%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-08-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBaude%2C%20William%2C%20and%20Michael%20Stokes%20Paulsen.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Sweep%20and%20Force%20of%20Section%20Three.%26%23x201D%3B%20SSRN%20Scholarly%20Paper.%20Rochester%2C%20NY%2C%20August%209%2C%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%5C%2Fabstract%3D4532751%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%5C%2Fabstract%3D4532751%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22preprint%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Sweep%20and%20Force%20of%20Section%20Three%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Baude%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%20Stokes%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paulsen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Section%20Three%20of%20the%20Fourteenth%20Amendment%20forbids%20holding%20office%20by%20former%20office%20holders%20who%20then%20participate%20in%20insurrection%20or%20rebellion.%20Because%20of%20a%20range%20of%20misperceptions%20and%20mistaken%20assumptions%2C%20Section%20Three%5Cu2019s%20full%20legal%20consequences%20have%20not%20been%20appreciated%20or%20enforced.%20This%20article%20corrects%20those%20mistakes%20by%20setting%20forth%20the%20full%20sweep%20and%20force%20of%20Section%20Three.First%2C%20Section%20Three%20remains%20an%20enforceable%20part%20of%20the%20Constitution%2C%20not%20limited%20to%20the%20Civil%20War%2C%20and%20not%20effectively%20repealed%20by%20nineteenth%20century%20amnesty%20legislation.%20Second%2C%20Section%20Three%20is%20self-executing%2C%20operating%20as%20an%20immediate%20disqualification%20from%20office%2C%20without%20the%20need%20for%20additional%20action%20by%20Congress.%20It%20can%20and%20should%20be%20enforced%20by%20every%20official%2C%20state%20or%20federal%2C%20who%20judges%20qualifications.%20Third%2C%20to%20the%20extent%20of%20any%20conflict%20with%20prior%20constitutional%20rules%2C%20Section%20Three%20repeals%2C%20supersedes%2C%20or%20simply%20satisfies%20them.%20This%20includes%20the%20rules%20against%20bills%20of%20attainder%20or%20ex%20post%20facto%20laws%2C%20the%20Due%20Process%20Clause%2C%20and%20even%20the%20free%20speech%20principles%20of%20the%20First%20Amendment.%20Fourth%2C%20Section%20Three%20covers%20a%20broad%20range%20of%20conduct%20against%20the%20authority%20of%20the%20constitutional%20order%2C%20including%20many%20instances%20of%20indirect%20participation%20or%20support%20as%20%5Cu201caid%20or%20comfort.%5Cu201d%20It%20covers%20a%20broad%20range%20of%20former%20offices%2C%20including%20the%20Presidency.%20And%20in%20particular%2C%20it%20disqualifies%20former%20President%20Donald%20Trump%2C%20and%20potentially%20many%20others%2C%20because%20of%20their%20participation%20in%20the%20attempted%20overthrow%20of%20the%202020%20presidential%20election.%22%2C%22genre%22%3A%22SSRN%20Scholarly%20Paper%22%2C%22repository%22%3A%22%22%2C%22archiveID%22%3A%224532751%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-08-09%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%5C%2Fabstract%3D4532751%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-21T20%3A10%3A30Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QKHBZ75J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26%23x201C%3BCountermeasures%20That%20Work.%26%23x201D%3B%20Text.%20Accessed%20August%2021%2C%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nhtsa.gov%5C%2Fbook%5C%2Fcountermeasures%5C%2Fcountermeasures-work%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nhtsa.gov%5C%2Fbook%5C%2Fcountermeasures%5C%2Fcountermeasures-work%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Countermeasures%20That%20Work%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20Highway%20Safety%20Countermeasure%20Guide%20for%20State%20Highway%20Safety%20Offices%2010th%20Edition%2C%202020%20Introduction%20Purpose%20of%20the%20Guide%20This%20guide%20is%20a%20basic%20reference%20to%20assist%20State%20Highway%20Safety%20Offices%20in%20selecting%20effective%2C%20science-based%20traffic%20safety%20countermeasures%20for%20major%20highway%20safety%20problems.%20The%20guide%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.nhtsa.gov%5C%2Fbook%5C%2Fcountermeasures%5C%2Fcountermeasures-work%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-08-21T00%3A09%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227S8G2TDI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gullotta%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-04-20%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGullotta%2C%20Daniel%20N.%20%26%23x201C%3BAll%20the%20President%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Historians%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20April%2020%2C%202021.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.thebulwark.com%5C%2Fall-the-presidents-historians%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.thebulwark.com%5C%2Fall-the-presidents-historians%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22All%20the%20President%5Cu2019s%20Historians%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gullotta%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Joe%20Biden%20has%20met%20with%20scholars%20to%20discuss%20his%20presidency%20and%20likely%20legacy%5Cu2014but%20what%20are%20we%20to%20make%20of%20his%20special%20relationship%20with%20historian%20Jon%20Meacham%3F%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-04-20T09%3A30%3A14%2B00%3A00%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.thebulwark.com%5C%2Fall-the-presidents-historians%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-26T21%3A09%3A53Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PEKRHGPY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yorty%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-05-11%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BYorty%2C%20Erik.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Annales%20School%2C%26%23x201D%3B%20May%2011%2C%202018.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Funm-historiography.github.io%5C%2Fmetahistory%5C%2Fessays%5C%2Fmodern%5C%2Fannales-school.html%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Funm-historiography.github.io%5C%2Fmetahistory%5C%2Fessays%5C%2Fmodern%5C%2Fannales-school.html%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Annales%20School%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Erik%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yorty%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20digital%20introduction%20to%20historiography%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-05-11T00%3A00%3A00%2B00%3A00%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Funm-historiography.github.io%5C%2Fmetahistory%5C%2Fessays%5C%2Fmodern%5C%2Fannales-school.html%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-26T21%3A01%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EG4Y2I3H%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hurwitz%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BHurwitz%2C%20David%2C%20Kevin%20Chang%2C%20Rhonda%20Young%2C%20Hisham%20Jashami%2C%20and%20Jasmin%20Woodside.%20%26%23x201C%3BIMPACT%20OF%20BICYCLE%20ROLLING%20STOP%20LAWS%20ON%20SAFETY-RELEVANT%20BEHAVIORS%20IN%20THE%20PACIFIC%20NORTHWEST%2C%26%23x201D%3B%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdigital.lib.washington.edu%3A443%5C%2Fresearchworks%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F1773%5C%2F49799%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdigital.lib.washington.edu%3A443%5C%2Fresearchworks%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F1773%5C%2F49799%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22IMPACT%20OF%20BICYCLE%20ROLLING%20STOP%20LAWS%20ON%20SAFETY-RELEVANT%20BEHAVIORS%20IN%20THE%20PACIFIC%20NORTHWEST%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hurwitz%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rhonda%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Young%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hisham%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jashami%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jasmin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Woodside%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Bicycle%20Rolling%20Stop%20%28BRS%29%20laws%20refer%20to%20legislation%20that%20allow%20bicyclists%20to%20treat%20stop%20signs%20as%20yield%20signs.%20Many%20states%20have%20passed%20statutes%20or%20attempted%20to%20pass%20similar%20statutes%20with%20varying%20permissive%20actions%20for%20bicyclists%20in%20response%20to%20stop%20signs.%20Previous%20research%20has%20focused%20on%20crash%20data%20analysis%20and%20the%20factors%20the%20motivate%20bicyclists%20who%20perfor%20a%20rolling%20stop%20when%20it%20is%20illegal%20under%20prevailing%20law%2C%20but%20no%20research%20has%20identified%20the%20safety%20effects%20of%20BRS%20laws.%20To%20that%20end%2C%20this%20research%20used%20stakeholder%20interviews%2C%20an%20online%20survey%2C%20and%20a%20networked%20driving%20and%20bicycling%20simulator%20experiment%20to%20evaluate%20the%20safety%20implications%20of%20the%20BRS%20law.%20Seventeen%20interviews%20were%20conducted%20with%20identified%20stakeholders%2C%20including%20emergency%20response%20and%20law%20enforcement%20personnel%2C%20legislators%2C%20avid%20cyclists%2C%20and%20non-cyclists.%20A%20total%20of%20550%20survey%20responses%20were%20collected%20from%20residents%20of%20Idaho%2C%20Washington%2C%20and%20Oregon.%20Sixty%20participants%20successfully%20completed%20a%20networked%20simulator%20experiment%20in%20which%20a%20%5Cu201clive%20interaction%5Cu201d%20occurred%20at%20a%20stop-controlled%20intersection%20between%20a%20participant%20in%20the%20driving%20simulator%20and%20a%20participant%20in%20the%20bicycling%20simulator.%20The%20results%20from%20these%20different%20methods%20consistently%20concluded%20that%20more%20outreach%20is%20needed%20with%20regard%20to%20BRS%20laws.%20This%20research%20also%20provides%20bicycle%20advocacy%20groups%2C%20transportation%20agencies%2C%20and%20decision%20makers%20with%20information%20to%20support%20future%20legislative%20decisions%2C%20program%20educational%20initiatives%2C%20and%20design%20enforcement%20practices%20regarding%20BRS%20laws.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdigital.lib.washington.edu%3A443%5C%2Fresearchworks%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F1773%5C%2F49799%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-22T01%3A48%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JFWX65AU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26%23x201C%3BHelmet%20Use%20in%20Preventing%20Head%20Injuries%20in%20Bicycling%2C%20Snow%20Sports%2C%20and%20Other%20Recreational%20Activities%20and%20Sports%20%7C%20Pediatrics%20%7C%20American%20Academy%20of%20Pediatrics.%26%23x201D%3B%20Accessed%20June%209%2C%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpublications.aap.org%5C%2Fpediatrics%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F150%5C%2F3%5C%2Fe2022058878%5C%2F188764%5C%2FHelmet-Use-in-Preventing-Head-Injuries-in%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpublications.aap.org%5C%2Fpediatrics%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F150%5C%2F3%5C%2Fe2022058878%5C%2F188764%5C%2FHelmet-Use-in-Preventing-Head-Injuries-in%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Helmet%20Use%20in%20Preventing%20Head%20Injuries%20in%20Bicycling%2C%20Snow%20Sports%2C%20and%20Other%20Recreational%20Activities%20and%20Sports%20%7C%20Pediatrics%20%7C%20American%20Academy%20of%20Pediatrics%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpublications.aap.org%5C%2Fpediatrics%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F150%5C%2F3%5C%2Fe2022058878%5C%2F188764%5C%2FHelmet-Use-in-Preventing-Head-Injuries-in%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-06-09T03%3A17%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MP7Q8JMY%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26%23x201C%3BReturn%20And%20Exchange.%26%23x201D%3B%20Accessed%20May%2015%2C%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmanlytshirt.com%5C%2Fpages%5C%2Freturn-and-exchange1%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmanlytshirt.com%5C%2Fpages%5C%2Freturn-and-exchange1%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Return%20And%20Exchange%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22We%20hope%20you%20like%20the%20product%20you%20ordered%2C%20but%20if%20something%20isn%26%23039%3Bt%20right%2C%20please%20let%20us%20know.%5Cu00a0%20We%20feel%20sorry%20that%20you%26%23039%3Bre%20not%20100%25%20satisfied%20with%20the%20items%20you%20received%2C%20and%20we%20gladly%20accept%20returns%20and%20exchanges%20for%20most%20items%20in%20new%20condition.%20Before%20you%20decide%20to%20return%20or%20exchange%20items%2Cplease%20read%20our%20return%26amp%3Bexch%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fmanlytshirt.com%5C%2Fpages%5C%2Freturn-and-exchange1%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-05-15T02%3A40%3A18Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229IAYF9RC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Marshall%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMarshall%2C%20Wesley%20E.%2C%20Daniel%20Piatkowski%2C%20and%20Aaron%20Johnson.%20%26%23x201C%3BScofflaw%20Bicycling%3A%20Illegal%20but%20Rational.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Transport%20and%20Land%20Use%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2010%2C%20no.%201%20%282017%29%3A%20805%26%23x2013%3B36.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F26211757%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F26211757%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Scofflaw%20bicycling%3A%20Illegal%20but%20rational%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wesley%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marshall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Piatkowski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Aaron%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Johnson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%3A%20Nearly%20everyone%20has%20jaywalked%2C%20rolled%20through%20a%20stop%20sign%2C%20or%20driven%20a%20few%20miles%20per%20hour%20over%20the%20speed%20limit%2C%20but%20most%20such%20offenses%20face%20no%20legal%20consequences.%20Society%20also%20tends%20to%20see%20these%20relatively%20minor%20infractions%20that%20almost%20all%20people%20make%5Cu2014though%20they%20are%20unmistakably%20illegal%5Cu2014as%20normal%20and%20even%20rational.%20Bicyclists%20who%20break%20the%20law%2C%20however%2C%20seem%20to%20attract%20a%20higher%20level%20of%20scorn%20and%20scrutiny.%20While%20the%20academic%20literature%20has%20exhaustively%20covered%20unlawful%20driving%20behaviors%2C%20there%20remains%20little%20research%20on%20bicyclists%20who%20break%20the%20rules%20of%20the%20road.%20This%20paper%20examines%20rule-breaking%20bicyclists%20and%20the%20factors%20associated%20with%20such%20behaviors.%20We%20also%20explore%20the%20question%3A%20are%20bicyclists%20making%20rational%2C%20albeit%20illegal%2C%20choices%5Cu2014similar%20to%20most%20drivers%20and%20pedestrians%5Cu2014or%20are%20bicyclists%20reckless%20and%20dangerous%3F%20Because%20it%26%23039%3Bs%20proven%20effective%20for%20reaching%20hard-to-reach%20populations%2C%20we%20employed%20a%20snowball-sampling%20framework%20and%20an%20online%2C%20scenario-based%20survey%20completed%20by%20nearly%2018%2C000%20respondents.%20Via%20multi-level%20statistical%20analyses%2C%20our%20results%20suggest%20that%20younger%20people%20and%20males%20tend%20to%20exhibit%20higher%20levels%20of%20illegal%20bicycling%20behavior%2C%20but%20even%20when%20combining%20high-risk%20factors%2C%20the%20overwhelming%20majority%20of%20bicyclists%20are%20not%20reckless.%20Controlling%20for%20the%20context%20and%20social%20norms%20of%20the%20city%20where%20one%20lives%20tends%20to%20outweigh%20individual%20bicyclist%20characteristics%20such%20as%20race%5C%2Fethnicity%20and%20income.%20Unlawful%20drivers%20and%20pedestrians%20tend%20to%20rationalize%20their%20behaviors%20as%20time%20saving%3B%20bicyclists%20similarly%20rationalize%20their%20illegal%20behaviors%20but%20were%20more%20inclined%20to%20cite%20increasing%20their%20own%20personal%20safety%20and%5C%2For%20saving%20energy.%20Most%20bicyclists%20can%20generally%20be%20described%20as%20rational%20individuals%20trying%20to%20function%20safely%20and%20efficiently%20given%20the%20context%20and%20norms%20of%20where%20they%20live%20and%20the%20transportation%20system%20put%20in%20front%20of%20them.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221938-7849%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F26211757%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-20T15%3A06%3A36Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RQMPC74L%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Weisburd%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-05-14%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWeisburd%2C%20Sarit.%20%26%23x201C%3BPolice%20Presence%2C%20Rapid%20Response%20Rates%2C%20and%20Crime%20Prevention.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Review%20of%20Economics%20and%20Statistics%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20103%2C%20no.%202%20%28May%2014%2C%202021%29%3A%20280%26%23x2013%3B93.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1162%5C%2Frest_a_00889%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1162%5C%2Frest_a_00889%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Police%20Presence%2C%20Rapid%20Response%20Rates%2C%20and%20Crime%20Prevention%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Sarit%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weisburd%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Abstract%5Cn%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20This%20paper%20estimates%20the%20impact%20of%20police%20presence%20on%20crime%20using%20a%20unique%20database%20that%20tracks%20the%20exact%20location%20of%20Dallas%20Police%20Department%20patrol%20cars%20throughout%202009.%20To%20address%20the%20concern%20that%20officer%20location%20is%20often%20driven%20by%20crime%2C%20my%20instrument%20exploits%20police%20responses%20to%20calls%20outside%20their%20allocated%20coverage%20beat.%20This%20variable%20provides%20a%20plausible%20shift%20in%20police%20presence%20within%20the%20abandoned%20beat%20that%20is%20driven%20by%20the%20police%20goal%20of%20minimizing%20response%20times.%20I%20find%20that%20a%2010%25%20decrease%20in%20police%20presence%20at%20that%20location%20results%20in%20a%207%25%20increase%20in%20crime.%20This%20result%20sheds%20light%20on%20the%20black%20box%20of%20policing%20and%20crime%20and%20suggests%20that%20routine%20changes%20in%20police%20patrol%20can%20have%20a%20significant%20impact%20on%20criminal%20behavior.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-05-14%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1162%5C%2Frest_a_00889%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220034-6535%2C%201530-9142%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdirect.mit.edu%5C%2Frest%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F103%5C%2F2%5C%2F280%5C%2F97658%5C%2FPolice-Presence-Rapid-Response-Rates-and-Crime%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-19T20%3A19%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T2HRI5ME%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McGuinness%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMcGuinness%2C%20Diane.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BEarly%20Reading%20Instruction%3A%20What%20Science%20Really%20Tells%20Us%20about%20How%20to%20Teach%20Reading%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Cambridge%2C%20Mass.%3A%20MIT%2C%202006.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Early%20reading%20instruction%3A%20what%20science%20really%20tells%20us%20about%20how%20to%20teach%20reading%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Diane%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McGuinness%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%229780262633352%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-08T20%3A03%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22T5UCVQQB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Shanahan%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-02-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BShanahan%2C%20Timothy.%20%26%23x201C%3BLetter%20Names%20or%20Sounds%20First%3F%26%23x2026%3B%20You%20Might%20Be%20Surprised%20by%20the%20Answer.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BShanahan%20on%20Literacy%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20%28blog%29%2C%20February%206%2C%202021.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.shanahanonliteracy.com%5C%2Fblog%5C%2Fletter-names-or-sounds-first-you-might-be-surprised-by-the-answer%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.shanahanonliteracy.com%5C%2Fblog%5C%2Fletter-names-or-sounds-first-you-might-be-surprised-by-the-answer%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Letter%20names%20or%20sounds%20first%3F%5Cu2026%20you%20might%20be%20surprised%20by%20the%20answer%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Timothy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shanahan%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22shanahan%20on%20literacy%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22feb%206%202021%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.shanahanonliteracy.com%5C%2Fblog%5C%2Fletter-names-or-sounds-first-you-might-be-surprised-by-the-answer%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-08T20%3A00%3A02Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222UGP5RKG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Noel%20Foulin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005-03-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BNoel%20Foulin%2C%20Jean.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhy%20Is%20Letter-Name%20Knowledge%20Such%20a%20Good%20Predictor%20of%20Learning%20to%20Read%3F%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BReading%20and%20Writing%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2018%2C%20no.%202%20%28March%201%2C%202005%29%3A%20129%26%23x2013%3B55.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11145-004-5892-2%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11145-004-5892-2%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Why%20is%20letter-name%20knowledge%20such%20a%20good%20predictor%20of%20learning%20to%20read%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Noel%20Foulin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20knowledge%20of%20letter%20names%20measured%20just%20before%20children%20enter%20school%20has%20been%20known%20for%20a%20long%20time%20as%20one%20of%20the%20best%20longitudinal%20predictors%20of%20learning%20to%20read%20in%20an%20alphabetic%20writing%20system.%20After%20a%20period%20during%20which%20the%20comprehensive%20investigation%20of%20this%20relationship%20was%20largely%20disregarded%2C%20there%20is%20now%20a%20growing%20interest%20in%20attempts%20to%20understand%20the%20role%28s%29%20letter%20names%20play%20in%20literacy%20acquisition.%20This%20paper%20reviews%20these%20recent%20studies%20and%20emphasizes%20their%20main%20findings%20regarding%20the%20influence%20of%20letter-name%20knowledge%20in%20early%20and%20formal%20literacy%20for%20three%20main%20components%20of%20literacy%20acquisition%3A%20first%2C%20the%20emergence%20of%20the%20phonological%20processing%20of%20print%3B%20then%2C%20the%20learning%20of%20letter-sound%20correspondences%3B%20finally%2C%20the%20development%20of%20phonemic%20sensitivity%20skills.%20The%20final%20section%20discusses%20the%20status%20of%20letter-name%20knowledge%20%28LNK%29%20in%20literacy%20acquisition%20and%20suggests%20possible%20directions%20for%20further%20research.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222005-03-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2Fs11145-004-5892-2%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221573-0905%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2Fs11145-004-5892-2%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-08T19%3A52%3A52Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22B4KSCHMB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Paige%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-03-28%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPaige%2C%20David%20D.%2C%20William%20H.%20Rupley%2C%20Grant%20S.%20Smith%2C%20Crystal%20Olinger%2C%20and%20Mary%20Leslie.%20%26%23x201C%3BAcquisition%20of%20Letter%20Naming%20Knowledge%2C%20Phonological%20Awareness%2C%20and%20Spelling%20Knowledge%20of%20Kindergarten%20Children%20at%20Risk%20for%20Learning%20to%20Read.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BChild%20Development%20Research%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%202018%20%28March%2028%2C%202018%29%3A%20e2142894.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1155%5C%2F2018%5C%2F2142894%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1155%5C%2F2018%5C%2F2142894%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Acquisition%20of%20Letter%20Naming%20Knowledge%2C%20Phonological%20Awareness%2C%20and%20Spelling%20Knowledge%20of%20Kindergarten%20Children%20at%20Risk%20for%20Learning%20to%20Read%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22David%20D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paige%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rupley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Grant%20S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Smith%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Crystal%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Olinger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mary%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Leslie%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20study%20measures%20letter%20naming%2C%20phonological%20awareness%2C%20and%20spelling%20knowledge%20in%202%2C100%20kindergarten%20students%20attending%2063%20schools%20within%20a%20large%2C%20urban%20school%20district.%20Students%20were%20assessed%20across%20December%2C%20February%2C%20and%20May%20of%20the%20kindergarten%20year.%20Results%20found%20that%2C%20by%20May%2C%2071.8%25%20of%20students%20had%20attained%20full%20letter%20naming%20knowledge.%20Phonological%20awareness%20emerged%20more%20slowly%20with%2048%25%20of%20students%20able%20to%20reliably%20segment%20and%20blend%20phonemes%20in%20words.%20Spelling%20development%2C%20a%20measure%20of%20phonics%20knowledge%2C%20found%20that%2C%20by%20May%2C%2071.8%25%20of%20students%20were%20in%20the%20partial-alphabetic%20phase.%20A%20series%20of%20regression%20analyses%20revealed%20that%20by%20the%20end%20of%20kindergarten%20both%20letter%20naming%20and%20phonological%20awareness%20were%20significant%20predictors%20of%20spelling%20knowledge%20%28b%20%3D%20.332%20and%20.518%20for%20LK%20and%20PA%2C%20resp.%29%2C%20explaining%2052.7%25%20of%20the%20variance.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F3%5C%2F28%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1155%5C%2F2018%5C%2F2142894%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222090-3987%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.hindawi.com%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fcdr%5C%2F2018%5C%2F2142894%5C%2F%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-08T19%3A48%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XVD4PEYX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Piasta%20and%20Wagner%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-04-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPiasta%2C%20Shayne%20B.%2C%20and%20Richard%20K.%20Wagner.%20%26%23x201C%3BLearning%20Letter%20Names%20and%20Sounds%3A%20Effects%20of%20Instruction%2C%20Letter%20Type%2C%20and%20Phonological%20Processing%20Skill.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Experimental%20Child%20Psychology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20105%2C%20no.%204%20%28April%201%2C%202010%29%3A%20324%26%23x2013%3B44.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jecp.2009.12.008%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jecp.2009.12.008%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Learning%20letter%20names%20and%20sounds%3A%20Effects%20of%20instruction%2C%20letter%20type%2C%20and%20phonological%20processing%20skill%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Shayne%20B.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Piasta%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Richard%20K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wagner%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Preschool-age%20children%20%28N%3D58%29%20were%20randomly%20assigned%20to%20receive%20instruction%20in%20letter%20names%20and%20sounds%2C%20letter%20sounds%20only%2C%20or%20numbers%20%28control%29.%20Multilevel%20modeling%20was%20used%20to%20examine%20letter%20name%20and%20sound%20learning%20as%20a%20function%20of%20instructional%20condition%20and%20characteristics%20of%20both%20letters%20and%20children.%20Specifically%2C%20learning%20was%20examined%20in%20light%20of%20letter%20name%20structure%2C%20whether%20letter%20names%20included%20cues%20to%20their%20respective%20sounds%2C%20and%20children%5Cu2019s%20phonological%20processing%20skills.%20Consistent%20with%20past%20research%2C%20children%20receiving%20letter%20name%20and%20sound%20instruction%20were%20most%20likely%20to%20learn%20the%20sounds%20of%20letters%20whose%20names%20included%20cues%20to%20their%20sounds%20regardless%20of%20phonological%20processing%20skills.%20Only%20children%20with%20higher%20phonological%20skills%20showed%20a%20similar%20effect%20in%20the%20control%20condition.%20Practical%20implications%20are%20discussed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010-04-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jecp.2009.12.008%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220022-0965%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0022096509002124%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-04-08T19%3A46%3A28Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22JXKGKKUT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bernard%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-02-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBernard%2C%20Louise.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Impact%20of%20Segregated%20Cycling%20Lanes%20on%20Road%20Users.%26%23x201D%3B%20SSRN%20Scholarly%20Paper.%20Rochester%2C%20NY%2C%20February%2010%2C%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2139%5C%2Fssrn.4353625%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.2139%5C%2Fssrn.4353625%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22preprint%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Impact%20of%20Segregated%20Cycling%20Lanes%20on%20Road%20Users%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Louise%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bernard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20investigates%20the%20impact%20of%20constructing%20segregated%20cycling%20lanes%20on%20cycling%20and%20motorized%20traffic.%20I%20use%20an%20event%20study%20analysis%20on%20the%20progressive%20roll-out%20of%20the%20Cycle%20Superhighways%20%28CSH%29%20programme%20in%20central%20London%20from%202014%20to%202019.%20Analyzing%20the%20impact%20of%20lane%20segregation%20on%20traffic%20flows%20is%20challenging%20as%20cycling%20lanes%20location%20is%20an%20endogenous%20choice%20from%20the%20policy%20makers%20and%20stakeholders.%20Lanes%20have%20been%20built%20in%20strategic%20locations%20due%20to%20demand%20from%20users%2C%20wide%20enough%20roads%20to%20accomodate%20the%20additional%20segregated%20lanes%2C%20safety%20and%20potential%20for%20growth.%20However%2C%20even%20after%20taking%20into%20account%20the%20endogeneity%20of%20the%20locations%2C%20I%20still%20find%20that%20the%20segregated%20lanes%20programme%20increased%20cycling%20traffic%20flow%20by%20about%2025%25%20after%20opening%20and%20then%20by%20an%20additional%2020%25%20per%20year.%20It%20acounts%20for%20about%20half%20of%20the%20increase%20in%20cycling%20traffic%20along%20those%20roads.%20There%20is%20little%20evidence%20that%20this%20effect%20is%20driven%20by%20the%20displacement%20of%20cyclists%20from%20nearby%20roads%2C%20which%20indicates%20that%20the%20new%20lanes%20increase%20the%20number%20of%20cyclists%20or%20their%20frequency.%20One%20of%20the%20mechanisms%20investigated%20is%20an%20increase%20of%20cycling%20flow%20via%20safer%20trips%20and%20safety%20in%20numbers.%20I%20find%20indeed%20a%20substantial%20decrease%20in%20accidents%20involving%20cyclists%20after%20the%20lanes%26%23039%3B%20construction.%20Similarly%20to%20other%20studies%20on%20the%20cycle%20lanes%2C%20I%20do%20not%20find%20any%20impact%20on%20car%20traffic.%22%2C%22genre%22%3A%22SSRN%20Scholarly%20Paper%22%2C%22repository%22%3A%22%22%2C%22archiveID%22%3A%224353625%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023-02-10%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.2139%5C%2Fssrn.4353625%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%5C%2Fabstract%3D4353625%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-06T20%3A13%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZP7P66GK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Marshall%20and%20Ferenchak%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-06-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMarshall%2C%20Wesley%20E.%2C%20and%20Nicholas%20N.%20Ferenchak.%20%26%23x201C%3BWhy%20Cities%20with%20High%20Bicycling%20Rates%20Are%20Safer%20for%20All%20Road%20Users.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Transport%20%26amp%3B%20Health%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2013%20%28June%201%2C%202019%29%3A%20100539.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jth.2019.03.004%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jth.2019.03.004%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Why%20cities%20with%20high%20bicycling%20rates%20are%20safer%20for%20all%20road%20users%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wesley%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marshall%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicholas%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ferenchak%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Introduction%5CnDespite%20bicycling%20being%20considered%20ten%20times%20more%20dangerous%20than%20driving%2C%20the%20evidence%20suggests%20that%20high-bicycling-mode-share%20cities%20are%20not%20only%20safer%20for%20bicyclists%20but%20for%20all%20road%20users.%20We%20look%20to%20understand%20what%20makes%20these%20cities%20safer.%20Are%20the%20safety%20differences%20related%20to%20%5Cu2018safety-in-numbers%5Cu2019%20of%20bicyclists%2C%20or%20can%20they%20be%20better%20explained%20by%20built%20environment%20differences%20or%20the%20people%20that%20inhabit%20them%3F%5CnMethods%5CnBased%20on%20thirteen%20years%20of%20data%20from%20twelve%20large%20U.S.%20cities%2C%20we%20investigated%20over%2017%2C000%20fatalities%20and%2077%2C000%20severe%20injuries%20across%20nearly%208700%20block%20groups%20via%20multilevel%2C%20longitudinal%2C%20negative%20binomial%20regression%20models.%20We%20hypothesize%20three%20pathways%20towards%20better%20road%20safety%20outcomes%3A%20i%29%20travel%20behavior%20differences%20%28e.g.%20%5Cu2018safety-in-numbers%5Cu2019%20or%20shifts%20to%20%5Cu2018safer%5Cu2019%20modes%29%3B%20ii%29%20built%20environment%20differences%20%28e.g.%20infrastructure%20that%20helps%20promote%20safer%20environments%29%3B%20and%20iii%29%20socio-demographic%5C%2Fsocio-economic%20differences%20%28e.g.%20some%20cities%20may%20be%20populated%20by%20those%20with%20lower%20road%20safety%20risk%29.%5CnResults%5CnThe%20results%20suggest%20that%20more%20bicyclists%20is%20not%20the%20reason%20these%20cities%20are%20safer%20for%20all%20road%20users.%20Better%20safety%20outcomes%20are%20instead%20associated%20with%20a%20greater%20prevalence%20of%20bike%20facilities%20%5Cu2013%20particularly%20protected%20and%20separated%20bike%20facilities%20%5Cu2013%20at%20the%20block%20group%20level%20and%2C%20more%20strongly%20so%2C%20across%20the%20overall%20city.%20Higher%20intersection%20density%2C%20which%20typically%20corresponds%20to%20more%20compact%20and%20lower-speed%20built%20environments%2C%20was%20strongly%20associated%20with%20better%20road%20safety%20outcomes%20for%20all%20road%20users.%20The%20variables%20representing%20gentrification%20also%20accounted%20for%20much%20of%20our%20explainable%20variation%20in%20safety%20outcomes.%5CnConclusions%5CnThis%20paper%20provides%20an%20evidence-based%20approach%20to%20building%20safer%20cities.%20While%20the%20policy%20implications%20of%20this%20work%20point%20to%20protected%20and%20separated%20bike%20infrastructure%20as%20part%20of%20the%20solution%2C%20we%20need%20to%20keep%20in%20mind%20that%20these%20approaches%20are%20complementary%20and%20should%20not%20be%20considered%20in%20isolation.%20Moreover%2C%20our%20results%20%5Cu2013%20particularly%20the%20safety%20disparities%20associated%20with%20gentrification%20%5Cu2013%20suggest%20equity%20issues%20and%20the%20need%20for%20future%20research.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222019-06-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jth.2019.03.004%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222214-1405%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS2214140518301488%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-06T20%3A09%3A03Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22SRE2DB24%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26%23x201C%3BAssociation%20between%20Active%20Commuting%20and%20Incident%20Cardiovascular%20Disease%2C%20Cancer%2C%20and%20Mortality%3A%20Prospective%20Cohort%20Study%20%7C%20The%20BMJ.%26%23x201D%3B%20Accessed%20March%205%2C%202023.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F357%5C%2Fbmj.j1456%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F357%5C%2Fbmj.j1456%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Association%20between%20active%20commuting%20and%20incident%20cardiovascular%20disease%2C%20cancer%2C%20and%20mortality%3A%20prospective%20cohort%20study%20%7C%20The%20BMJ%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.bmj.com%5C%2Fcontent%5C%2F357%5C%2Fbmj.j1456%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-05T23%3A53%3A31Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IUMM75YJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Sterckx%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222005-06-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSterckx%2C%20Roel.%20%26%23x201C%3BAnimal%20Classification%20in%20Ancient%20China.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BEast%20Asian%20Science%2C%20Technology%2C%20and%20Medicine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2023%2C%20no.%201%20%28June%2015%2C%202005%29%3A%2026%26%23x2013%3B53.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1163%5C%2F26669323-02301004%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1163%5C%2F26669323-02301004%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Animal%20Classification%20in%20Ancient%20China%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sterckx%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222005-06-15%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1163%5C%2F26669323-02301004%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221562-918X%2C%202666-9323%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbrill.com%5C%2Fview%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Feast%5C%2F23%5C%2F1%5C%2Farticle-p26_4.xml%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-01-03T22%3A17%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EU3VCXGQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Schultheiss%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSchultheiss%2C%20Bill%2C%20Dan%20Goodman%2C%20Jared%20Draper%2C%20and%20Lauren%20Blackburn.%20%26%23x201C%3BOn-Street%20Motor%20Vehicle%20Parking%20and%20the%20Bikeway%20Selection%20Process.%26%23x201D%3B%20Final%2C%20February%202021.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22On-Street%20Motor%20Vehicle%20Parking%20and%20the%20Bikeway%20Selection%20Process%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bill%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schultheiss%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Dan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goodman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jared%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Draper%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lauren%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Blackburn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20resource%20is%20intended%20to%20inform%20discussions%20about%20on-street%20parking%20and%20bikeway%20selection.%20It%20is%20a%20supplementary%20resource%5Cnto%20the%20FHWA%20Bikeway%20Selection%20Guide.%20It%20begins%20with%20a%20discussion%20of%20on-street%20parking%20and%20bikeway%20types%2C%20with%20associated%5Cndimensional%20requirements%20and%20trade-off%20considerations.%20It%20then%20presents%20several%20strategies%20involving%20choices%20specifically%5Cnrelating%20to%20the%20overlap%20between%20general%20purpose%20on-street%20parking%20and%20passenger%20or%20commercial%20loading%20activities%2C%20design%5Cndetails%2C%20and%20bikeway%20selection%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22FHWA-SA-21-009%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22Final%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22February%202021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-10-07T01%3A49%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229QGNMZFV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Switzer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSwitzer%2C%20Andrew%2C%20Luca%20Bertolini%2C%20and%20John%20Grin.%20%26%23x201C%3BTransitions%20of%20Mobility%20Systems%20in%20Urban%20Regions%3A%20A%20Heuristic%20Framework.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Environmental%20Policy%20%26amp%3B%20Planning%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2015%2C%20no.%202%20%282013%29%3A%20141%26%23x2013%3B60.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F1523908X.2012.746182%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F1523908X.2012.746182%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Transitions%20of%20Mobility%20Systems%20in%20Urban%20Regions%3A%20A%20Heuristic%20Framework%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Switzer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Luca%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bertolini%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20examines%20the%20possible%20contributions%20that%20transition%20studies%20can%20make%20to%20better%20understand%20the%20problems%20that%20hinder%20attempts%20to%20deliver%20co-ordination%20between%20transport%20and%20land-use%20planning%20and%20better%20integration%20between%20modes%20of%20transport%20in%20urban%20regions.%20Recent%20publications%20focus%20on%20barriers%20of%20co-ordination%20between%20transport%20and%20land%20use%20and%20methods%20to%20overcome%20them.%20Obdurate%20social%20and%20material%20structures%20are%20the%20dominant%20obstacles%20for%20change.%20For%20this%20reason%2C%20transition%20studies%20are%20considered%20to%20conceptualize%20the%20mobility%20system.%20In%20the%20article%2C%20key%20theories%20in%20transition%20studies%20are%20%5Cufb01rst%20considered.%20Following%20this%2C%20the%20ways%20in%20which%20these%20concepts%20can%20be%20used%20to%20characterize%20the%20system%20of%20transport%20and%20land-use%20planning%20are%20explored%3B%20it%20is%20demonstrated%20that%20the%20system%20and%20the%20challenges%20facing%20it%20can%20be%20better%20understood%20by%20using%20these%20concepts.%20This%20has%20resulted%20in%20a%20conceptual%20model%20for%20the%20development%20of%20the%20mobility%20system.%20A%20focus-group%20session%20in%20the%20Noordvleugel%20region%20of%20the%20Randstad%20in%20the%20Netherlands%20has%20been%20used%20to%20test%20the%20usability%20of%20this%20model%20in%20practice%2C%20gauge%20the%20participants%5Cu2019%20reactions%20to%20it%20and%20to%20supplement%20it%2C%20if%20necessary.%20By%20combining%20insights%20about%20how%20to%20conceptualise%20change%20in%20socio-technical%20systems%20and%20more%20speci%5Cufb01c%20knowledge%20about%20transport%20land-use%20planning%2C%20this%20article%20gives%20new%20insight%20into%20how%20a%20transition%20towards%20better%20co-ordination%20between%20transport%20and%20land-use%20planning%20and%20the%20transport%20network%20could%20occur%2C%20as%20well%20as%20how%20it%20could%20be%20hindered.%20It%20also%20provides%20interesting%20indications%20of%20research%20options%20examining%20cases%20where%20such%20transitions%20have%20taken%20place%20or%20been%20attempted.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2206%5C%2F2013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F1523908X.2012.746182%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221523-908X%2C%201522-7200%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F1523908X.2012.746182%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-22T22%3A05%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UJUDWKLH%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Longhurst%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BLonghurst%2C%20J.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBike%20Battles%3A%20A%20History%20of%20Sharing%20the%20American%20Road%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20University%20of%20Washington%20Press%2C%202015.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.com%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQxE1CgAAQBAJ%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.com%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQxE1CgAAQBAJ%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bike%20Battles%3A%20A%20History%20of%20Sharing%20the%20American%20Road%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Longhurst%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-295-80599-3%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.com%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQxE1CgAAQBAJ%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-09-01T03%3A00%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZF4W7UDS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26%23x201C%3BTraffic%20Calming%20EPrimer%20-%20Safety%20%7C%20Federal%20Highway%20Administration.%26%23x201D%3B%20Accessed%20August%206%2C%202022.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsafety.fhwa.dot.gov%5C%2Fspeedmgt%5C%2Ftraffic_calm.cfm%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsafety.fhwa.dot.gov%5C%2Fspeedmgt%5C%2Ftraffic_calm.cfm%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Traffic%20Calming%20ePrimer%20-%20Safety%20%7C%20Federal%20Highway%20Administration%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsafety.fhwa.dot.gov%5C%2Fspeedmgt%5C%2Ftraffic_calm.cfm%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-06T22%3A45%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226C2LE4CE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A23010%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Montgomery%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMontgomery%2C%20C.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BHappy%20City%3A%20Transforming%20Our%20Lives%20Through%20Urban%20Design%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Farrar%2C%20Straus%20and%20Giroux%2C%202013.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.com%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8eR0AQAAQBAJ%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.com%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8eR0AQAAQBAJ%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Happy%20City%3A%20Transforming%20Our%20Lives%20Through%20Urban%20Design%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Montgomery%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-374-16823-0%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbooks.google.com%5C%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8eR0AQAAQBAJ%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-07-26T02%3A34%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
“Don’t Cut Corners.” NYC/VisionZero, n.d. https://www.nyc.gov/assets/visionzero/downloads/pdf/left-turn-pedestrian-and-bicycle-crash-study.pdf.
“Walk This Way.” NYC Vision Zero. Accessed October 5, 2023. https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/barnes-dance-study-sept2017.pdf.
Kolker, Robert. “Death by Car.” New York Magazine, November 24, 2012. https://nymag.com/news/features/traffic-2012-12/index1.html.
Highway History. “Addendum: The Barnes Dance.” Accessed October 5, 2023. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/barnes.cfm.
Sadik-Khan, Janette, and Seth Solomonow. Streetfight: Handbook for an Urban Revolution. Penguin, 2017.
Barnes, H. A. The Man with the Red and Green Eyes: The Autobiography of Henry A. Barnes, Traffic Commissioner, New York City. Dutton, 1965. https://books.google.com/books?id=gK81AQAAIAAJ.
Accelerator, Academic. “Pedestrian Scramble: Most Up-to-Date Encyclopedia, News & Reviews.” Academic Accelerator. Accessed October 5, 2023. https://academic-accelerator.com/encyclopedia/pedestrian-scramble.
Jaffe, Eric. “A Brief History of the Barnes Dance.” Bloomberg.Com, December 18, 2012, sec. CityLab. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-12-18/a-brief-history-of-the-barnes-dance.
Glionna, John. “Japan’s Orderly Shibuya Scramble.” LA Times, May 23, 2011. https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2011-may-23-la-fg-japan-intersection-20110523-story.html.
安宇 Mr Shiny and New. “Answer to ‘Is “Most” Equivalent to “a Majority of”?’” English Language & Usage Stack Exchange, January 25, 2012. https://english.stackexchange.com/a/55923.
“Return of the Barnes Dance,” June 5, 2017. https://ssti.us/2017/06/05/return-of-the-barnes-dance/.
“The ‘Barnes Dance’ Makes Its New Zealand Debut at an Intersection in Auckland,” August 21, 2020. https://transportationhistory.org/2020/08/21/the-barnes-dance-makes-its-new-zealand-debut-at-an-intersection-in-auckland/.
Grober, Marc. “E-Bike Baloney.” The Alaska Landmine, October 2, 2023. https://alaskalandmine.com/landmines/e-bike-baloney/.
Boufous, Soufiane. “Perspective on Road Safety.” Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety 28, no. 4 (2017). https://acrs.org.au/files/papers/arsc/2017/It-is-time-to-consider-a-presumed-liability-law.pdf.
The Economist. “The American Right-of-Way.” Accessed September 27, 2023. https://www.economist.com/democracy-in-america/2013/11/11/the-american-right-of-way.
Slimmen, Michelle, and Willem H. Van Boom. “Road Traffic Liability in the Netherlands.” SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY, April 1, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2975796.
“The Automobile Manufacturer’s Liability to Pedestrians for Exterior Design: New Dimensions in ‘Crashworthiness.’” Michigan Law Review 71, no. 8 (1973): 1654. https://doi.org/10.2307/1287675.
Maker, Colleen. “Strict Liability in Cycling Laws to Ready the Roads for Environmentally Friendly Commuting.” Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review 42, no. 2 (April 24, 2015): 473. https://lira.bc.edu/work/ns/0136b5fd-dd66-4ff1-a6b1-2c7d92661cba.
Burke, Marshall, Mustafa Zahid, Noah Diffenbaugh, and Solomon M. Hsiang. “Quantifying Climate Change Loss and Damage Consistent with a Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases.” Working Paper Series, September 2023. https://doi.org/10.3386/w31658.
Tribe, J. Michael Luttig, Laurence H. “The Constitution Prohibits Trump From Ever Being President Again.” The Atlantic, August 19, 2023. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/08/donald-trump-constitutionally-prohibited-presidency/675048/.
Baude, William, and Michael Stokes Paulsen. “The Sweep and Force of Section Three.” SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY, August 9, 2023. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4532751.
“Labor Unions and the Middle Class.” US Department of Treasury, August 2023.
Bundgaard, Henning, Johan Skov Bundgaard, Daniel Emil Tadeusz Raaschou-Pedersen, Christian von Buchwald, Tobias Todsen, Jakob Boesgaard Norsk, Mia M. Pries-Heje, et al. “Effectiveness of Adding a Mask Recommendation to Other Public Health Measures to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Danish Mask Wearers.” Annals of Internal Medicine 174, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 335–43. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-6817.
Chou, Roger, and Tracy Dana. “Major Update: Masks for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 in Health Care and Community Settings—Final Update of a Living, Rapid Review.” Annals of Internal Medicine 176, no. 6 (June 20, 2023): 827–35. https://doi.org/10.7326/M23-0570.
Laine, Christine, and Stephanie Chang. “Getting to the Truth About the Effectiveness of Masks in Preventing COVID-19.” Annals of Internal Medicine 176, no. 6 (June 20, 2023): 870–71. https://doi.org/10.7326/M23-1120.
Magusin, Heather. “If You Want to Get Away with Murder, Use Your Car: A Discursive Content Analysis of Pedestrian Traffic Fatalities in News Headlines.” Earth Common Journal 7, no. 1 (October 19, 2017): 65–97. https://doi.org/10.31542/j.ecj.1229.
Tribe, J. Michael Luttig, Laurence H. “The Constitution Prohibits Trump From Ever Being President Again,” August 19, 2023. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/08/donald-trump-constitutionally-prohibited-presidency/675048/.
Baude, William, and Michael Stokes Paulsen. “The Sweep and Force of Section Three.” SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY, August 9, 2023. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4532751.
“Countermeasures That Work.” Text. Accessed August 21, 2023. https://www.nhtsa.gov/book/countermeasures/countermeasures-work.
Gullotta, Daniel N. “All the President’s Historians,” April 20, 2021. https://www.thebulwark.com/all-the-presidents-historians/.
Yorty, Erik. “The Annales School,” May 11, 2018. https://unm-historiography.github.io/metahistory/essays/modern/annales-school.html.
Hurwitz, David, Kevin Chang, Rhonda Young, Hisham Jashami, and Jasmin Woodside. “IMPACT OF BICYCLE ROLLING STOP LAWS ON SAFETY-RELEVANT BEHAVIORS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST,” 2023. https://digital.lib.washington.edu:443/researchworks/handle/1773/49799.
“Helmet Use in Preventing Head Injuries in Bicycling, Snow Sports, and Other Recreational Activities and Sports | Pediatrics | American Academy of Pediatrics.” Accessed June 9, 2023. https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/150/3/e2022058878/188764/Helmet-Use-in-Preventing-Head-Injuries-in.
“Return And Exchange.” Accessed May 15, 2023. https://manlytshirt.com/pages/return-and-exchange1.
Marshall, Wesley E., Daniel Piatkowski, and Aaron Johnson. “Scofflaw Bicycling: Illegal but Rational.” Journal of Transport and Land Use 10, no. 1 (2017): 805–36. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26211757.
Weisburd, Sarit. “Police Presence, Rapid Response Rates, and Crime Prevention.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 103, no. 2 (May 14, 2021): 280–93. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00889.
McGuinness, Diane. Early Reading Instruction: What Science Really Tells Us about How to Teach Reading. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT, 2006.
Shanahan, Timothy. “Letter Names or Sounds First?… You Might Be Surprised by the Answer.” Shanahan on Literacy (blog), February 6, 2021. https://www.shanahanonliteracy.com/blog/letter-names-or-sounds-first-you-might-be-surprised-by-the-answer.
Noel Foulin, Jean. “Why Is Letter-Name Knowledge Such a Good Predictor of Learning to Read?” Reading and Writing 18, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 129–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-004-5892-2.
Paige, David D., William H. Rupley, Grant S. Smith, Crystal Olinger, and Mary Leslie. “Acquisition of Letter Naming Knowledge, Phonological Awareness, and Spelling Knowledge of Kindergarten Children at Risk for Learning to Read.” Child Development Research 2018 (March 28, 2018): e2142894. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2142894.
Piasta, Shayne B., and Richard K. Wagner. “Learning Letter Names and Sounds: Effects of Instruction, Letter Type, and Phonological Processing Skill.” Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 105, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 324–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2009.12.008.
Bernard, Louise. “The Impact of Segregated Cycling Lanes on Road Users.” SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY, February 10, 2023. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4353625.
Marshall, Wesley E., and Nicholas N. Ferenchak. “Why Cities with High Bicycling Rates Are Safer for All Road Users.” Journal of Transport & Health 13 (June 1, 2019): 100539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.03.004.
“Association between Active Commuting and Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Mortality: Prospective Cohort Study | The BMJ.” Accessed March 5, 2023. https://www.bmj.com/content/357/bmj.j1456.
Sterckx, Roel. “Animal Classification in Ancient China.” East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 23, no. 1 (June 15, 2005): 26–53. https://doi.org/10.1163/26669323-02301004.
Schultheiss, Bill, Dan Goodman, Jared Draper, and Lauren Blackburn. “On-Street Motor Vehicle Parking and the Bikeway Selection Process.” Final, February 2021.
Switzer, Andrew, Luca Bertolini, and John Grin. “Transitions of Mobility Systems in Urban Regions: A Heuristic Framework.” Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning 15, no. 2 (2013): 141–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2012.746182.
Longhurst, J. Bike Battles: A History of Sharing the American Road. University of Washington Press, 2015. https://books.google.com/books?id=QxE1CgAAQBAJ.
“Traffic Calming EPrimer - Safety | Federal Highway Administration.” Accessed August 6, 2022. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/traffic_calm.cfm.
Montgomery, C. Happy City: Transforming Our Lives Through Urban Design. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013. https://books.google.com/books?id=8eR0AQAAQBAJ.
{23010:MXT78H7B};{23010:AJXMKBTS};{23010:GP5WIXPF};{23010:X2BKJK8J} modern-language-association default asc 1 0 177019